104வது பர்த்டே… மேட்ரிட் மெட்ரோ பிறந்த கதை தெரியுமா? 

ஸ்பெயின் நாட்டின் மேட்ரிட் நகரில் முதல்முறை மெட்ரோ ரயில் வழித்தடம் அமைத்து ரயில் பயன்பாட்டிற்கு கொண்டு வரப்பட்டது 1919ஆம் ஆண்டு. முதல் பயணிகள் சேவை அறிமுகம் செய்யப்பட்டது அதே ஆண்டு அக்டோபர் 31ஆம் தேதி. இதற்கான ஒப்புதல் மூன்று ஆண்டுகளுக்கு முன்பே பெறப்பட்டு விட்டது. ஆனால் அடுத்தகட்ட ஏற்பாடுகளை செய்வதற்கு கால தாமதம் ஏற்பட்டது. இதற்கான திட்டமிடலை மெண்டோஸா, கன்ஸலேஸ், ஒட்டமெண்டி ஆகிய பொறியாளர்கள் உருவாக்கினர்.

அதில் சோல் முதல் குவாட்ரோ கேமினோஸ் இடையில் ரயில் பாதை அமைக்கப்பட்டது. இதற்கான செலவு என்பது 8 மில்லியன் பெசெடாஸ். அதாவது 50 ஆயிரம் டாலர்கள். இந்த திட்டத்தில் மன்னர் 13ஆம் அல்ஃபோன்சா தனது பங்களிப்பாக 1.45 மில்லியன் பெசெடாஸை முதலீடு செய்தார். இவரது தலைமையிலான நிறுவனம் தான் மெட்ரோ ரயில் திட்டத்தை வடிவமைத்தது. முதலில் 6 நிறுத்தங்கள் உடன் 3.48 கிலோமீட்டர் தூரத்திற்கு மட்டும் ரயில் இயக்கப்பட்டது.

மொத்த தூரத்தையும் கடப்பதற்கு 10 நிமிடங்கள் ஆனது. இதில் பயணம் செய்ய குறைந்த கட்டணமே வசூலிக்கப்பட்டது. ஒரு ரவுண்ட் சுற்றி வர 20 சென்ட் பெசெடாஸ் கட்டணம். அதாவது ட்ராமில் பயணம் செய்வதை விட குறைந்த செலவே ஆனது கவனிக்கத்தக்கது

இதில் 303 ரயில் நிலையங்கள் இடம்பெற்றன. இந்த முதல் ரயில் சேவை தற்போது 100 ஆண்டுகளை கடந்திருக்கிறது. நடப்பாண்டு 104வது ஆண்டை கொண்டாடிக் கொண்டிருக்கிறது. தற்போது நவீன தொழில் நுட்பங்களுக்கு ஏற்ப படிப்படியாக மேம்படுத்தப்பட்டு வந்துள்ளது.

570 thoughts on “104வது பர்த்டே… மேட்ரிட் மெட்ரோ பிறந்த கதை தெரியுமா? ”

  1. You really make it seem so easy along with your presentation but I to find this topic to be actually one thing that I believe I’d by no means understand.
    It sort of feels too complex and extremely huge for me.

    I’m looking ahead for your subsequent publish,
    I’ll attempt to get the hang of it! Escape rooms hub

    Reply
  2. When I originally commented I seem to have clicked on the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and from now on whenever a comment is added I get 4 emails with the same comment. Is there a means you are able to remove me from that service? Cheers.

    Reply
  3. I seriously love your site.. Pleasant colors & theme. Did you create this site yourself? Please reply back as I’m trying to create my own personal website and would love to find out where you got this from or exactly what the theme is named. Kudos!

    Reply
  4. I absolutely love your website.. Great colors & theme. Did you develop this web site yourself? Please reply back as I’m looking to create my very own website and would love to learn where you got this from or what the theme is named. Thanks.

    Reply
  5. Having read this I believed it was very enlightening. I appreciate you spending some time and energy to put this article together. I once again find myself personally spending a significant amount of time both reading and commenting. But so what, it was still worth it!

    Reply
  6. You’ve made some good points there. I checked on the internet for additional information about the issue and found most people will go along with your views on this website.

    Reply
  7. When I originally commented I seem to have clicked the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and now each time a comment is added I receive four emails with the same comment. Perhaps there is an easy method you are able to remove me from that service? Thanks a lot.

    Reply
  8. I blog frequently and I genuinely thank you for your information. This article has really peaked my interest. I’m going to book mark your site and keep checking for new information about once per week. I opted in for your RSS feed too.

    Reply
  9. I absolutely love your website.. Great colors & theme. Did you make this site yourself? Please reply back as I’m looking to create my own personal blog and would love to learn where you got this from or exactly what the theme is named. Many thanks!

    Reply
  10. This is the right website for anybody who would like to understand this topic. You realize a whole lot its almost hard to argue with you (not that I personally will need to…HaHa). You definitely put a new spin on a subject that has been discussed for decades. Excellent stuff, just excellent.

    Reply
  11. This is the perfect website for everyone who wishes to understand this topic. You understand so much its almost hard to argue with you (not that I really will need to…HaHa). You definitely put a fresh spin on a topic that has been discussed for a long time. Great stuff, just excellent.

    Reply
  12. Hello there! This article couldn’t be written much better! Looking through this post reminds me of my previous roommate! He constantly kept preaching about this. I will forward this post to him. Pretty sure he will have a great read. Thanks for sharing!

    Reply
  13. Excellent blog you have here.. It’s hard to find high-quality writing like yours nowadays. I honestly appreciate individuals like you! Take care!!

    Reply
  14. After looking into a few of the blog articles on your blog, I seriously like your technique of writing a blog. I bookmarked it to my bookmark webpage list and will be checking back in the near future. Take a look at my website as well and let me know how you feel.

    Reply
  15. I’m more than happy to find this website. I wanted to thank you for your time due to this fantastic read!! I definitely enjoyed every bit of it and i also have you saved to fav to look at new stuff in your site.

    Reply
  16. I was more than happy to discover this page. I wanted to thank you for your time for this particularly fantastic read!! I definitely really liked every little bit of it and i also have you saved to fav to check out new information in your blog.

    Reply
  17. Spot on with this write-up, I actually believe that this website needs much more attention. I’ll probably be back again to read more, thanks for the information.

    Reply
  18. After looking at a handful of the articles on your site, I really appreciate your way of writing a blog. I book marked it to my bookmark website list and will be checking back in the near future. Please visit my website too and let me know your opinion.

    Reply
  19. An outstanding share! I’ve just forwarded this onto a coworker who was doing a little homework on this. And he actually ordered me dinner simply because I found it for him… lol. So allow me to reword this…. Thanks for the meal!! But yeah, thanx for spending some time to talk about this subject here on your web page.

    Reply
  20. Everything is very open with a very clear description of the challenges. It was really informative. Your website is useful. Thank you for sharing.

    Reply
  21. I must thank you for the efforts you’ve put in writing this website. I am hoping to see the same high-grade content from you in the future as well. In fact, your creative writing abilities has encouraged me to get my own blog now 😉

    Reply
  22. Your style is really unique compared to other people I have read stuff from. I appreciate you for posting when you’ve got the opportunity, Guess I will just bookmark this blog.

    Reply
  23. May I simply say what a comfort to find someone that genuinely understands what they are discussing on the net. You certainly know how to bring an issue to light and make it important. More and more people should check this out and understand this side of your story. I can’t believe you’re not more popular given that you surely have the gift.

    Reply
  24. I seriously love your site.. Pleasant colors & theme. Did you make this amazing site yourself? Please reply back as I’m looking to create my very own site and want to know where you got this from or just what the theme is called. Kudos.

    Reply
  25. I would like to thank you for the efforts you’ve put in penning this blog. I’m hoping to check out the same high-grade blog posts by you later on as well. In truth, your creative writing abilities has motivated me to get my own, personal blog now 😉

    Reply
  26. Hi, I do think your web site could possibly be having internet browser compatibility problems. Whenever I take a look at your blog in Safari, it looks fine however when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping issues. I merely wanted to provide you with a quick heads up! Aside from that, excellent website!

    Reply
  27. Hi, I do believe this is an excellent website. I stumbledupon it 😉 I will return yet again since I book marked it. Money and freedom is the best way to change, may you be rich and continue to help other people.

    Reply
  28. I blog quite often and I really appreciate your information. This great article has really peaked my interest. I am going to book mark your website and keep checking for new details about once per week. I opted in for your RSS feed too.

    Reply
  29. Oh my goodness! Impressive article dude! Thank you so much, However I am going through issues with your RSS. I don’t know why I can’t join it. Is there anyone else having similar RSS issues? Anyone that knows the solution can you kindly respond? Thanx!

    Reply
  30. Credit card machine services and networks – Companies which provide credit card machine and payment networks call themselves “merchant card providers”.Asset management – the term usually given to describe companies which run collective investment funds.

    Reply
  31. After exploring a number of the blog articles on your web page, I really appreciate your way of writing a blog. I book-marked it to my bookmark webpage list and will be checking back in the near future. Please check out my web site as well and tell me how you feel.

    Reply
  32. An intriguing discussion is definitely worth comment. I believe that you ought to write more on this subject matter, it might not be a taboo matter but usually folks don’t talk about these issues. To the next! Many thanks!

    Reply
  33. Hi there! I could have sworn I’ve been to this blog before but after browsing through many of the posts I realized it’s new to me. Anyways, I’m certainly delighted I discovered it and I’ll be bookmarking it and checking back regularly.

    Reply
  34. These two anomalies are related to, but should not be confused with, the Backus-Smith consumption-real exchange rate anomaly, which is the observation that in most economic models the correlation between the real exchange rate and relative consumption is high and positive, whereas in the data it ranges from small and positive to negative.

    Reply
  35. Hi there! This post could not be written any better! Looking through this post reminds me of my previous roommate! He constantly kept talking about this. I most certainly will send this information to him. Pretty sure he will have a very good read. I appreciate you for sharing!

    Reply
  36. Next time I read a blog, I hope that it doesn’t disappoint me as much as this particular one. I mean, Yes, it was my choice to read, nonetheless I genuinely believed you would have something helpful to say. All I hear is a bunch of crying about something that you can fix if you weren’t too busy searching for attention.

    Reply
  37. Nice post. I learn something totally new and challenging on blogs I stumbleupon on a daily basis. It will always be useful to read content from other authors and practice a little something from other web sites.

    Reply
  38. An outstanding share! I have just forwarded this onto a co-worker who was doing a little research on this. And he actually ordered me dinner due to the fact that I found it for him… lol. So allow me to reword this…. Thanks for the meal!! But yeah, thanx for spending time to discuss this matter here on your internet site.

    Reply
  39. Good post. I learn something totally new and challenging on blogs I stumbleupon on a daily basis. It’s always interesting to read articles from other writers and use a little something from other websites.

    Reply
  40. The Bank of Canada’s responsibilities focus on the goals of low, stable and predictable inflation; a safe and secure currency; a stable and efficient financial system in Canada and internationally; and effective and efficient funds-management services for the Government of Canada, as well as on its own behalf and for other clients.

    Reply
  41. Going someplace you love, whether or not to a new city across the nation or a new condo just a few miles away, might price several hundred to several thousand dollars, however this is money that normally hurts much less since you planned for it.

    Reply
  42. You’ve made some really good points there. I looked on the internet to learn more about the issue and found most individuals will go along with your views on this web site.

    Reply
  43. Next time I read a blog, I hope that it won’t disappoint me just as much as this one. I mean, Yes, it was my choice to read, but I really believed you would have something interesting to talk about. All I hear is a bunch of complaining about something you could possibly fix if you weren’t too busy searching for attention.

    Reply
  44. May I simply just say what a comfort to find someone who genuinely knows what they are discussing online. You actually understand how to bring an issue to light and make it important. More and more people ought to read this and understand this side of the story. I was surprised you’re not more popular given that you certainly possess the gift.

    Reply
  45. Next time I read a blog, I hope that it doesn’t fail me as much as this particular one. I mean, I know it was my choice to read through, but I actually believed you would probably have something interesting to say. All I hear is a bunch of moaning about something that you could possibly fix if you weren’t too busy seeking attention.

    Reply
  46. This was issued by the Maldives Ministry of International Affairs and was the primary ever passport issued by an authority of the Maldives government, which was underneath the then Prime Minister of Maldives, Ibrahim Nasir.

    Reply
  47. Howdy, There’s no doubt that your web site may be having web browser compatibility problems. When I look at your site in Safari, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it’s got some overlapping issues. I simply wanted to give you a quick heads up! Aside from that, excellent site!

    Reply
  48. The very next time I read a blog, Hopefully it does not disappoint me as much as this particular one. I mean, Yes, it was my choice to read through, however I really believed you would have something helpful to talk about. All I hear is a bunch of whining about something that you can fix if you were not too busy searching for attention.

    Reply
  49. Those investors who have limited money to invest or want minimum loss if so, here it is significant to believe on a trading tool that give and focuses on performance and features instead of visual options that will not give any impact on trader’s performance.

    Reply
  50. Morgridge and Chambers also shared a thriftiness that most CEOs would balk at: Morgridge was one in all the bottom-paid executives in the enterprise, labored in a 12-by-12 office like everybody else at Cisco, and by no means flew first class.

    Reply
  51. You desire to your 10 to symbolize more pounds or tons of fish in future years and so you’ve an curiosity in ensuring that everyone seems to be abiding by the principles, that other things that is perhaps damaging the habitat or affecting the health of the system are minimized.

    Reply
  52. As for the artistic-integrity angle, don’t even get me began-the surprise is how the filmmakers can make a distinction between the prefab pop of the Cheetahs and the allegedly less “real” concoction of Jackal Johnson.

    Reply
  53. They’re a one-stop store, aggregating dozens of travel insurance coverage suppliers – those they consider the very best – to present you with the coverage and features that you just want on your journey.

    Reply
  54. “My authentic manager Morgan talked about it not being the sort of roller coaster you trip at an enormous theme park, but the type at a state truthful that they just assembled and is being operated by some 17-12 months-old kid who got only a few hours of training.

    Reply
  55. You desire to your 10 p.c to represent more pounds or tons of fish in future years and so you might have an curiosity in making sure that everyone is abiding by the principles, that other issues that may be damaging the habitat or affecting the health of the system are minimized.

    Reply
  56. Through the village people have been shouting: “The tornait have spoken to Kotuko. They will present him open ice. He will bring us the seal again!” Their voices have been quickly swallowed up by the cold, empty dark, and Kotuko and the girl shouldered shut together as they strained on the pulling-rope or humoured the sleigh by the ice within the route of the Polar Sea.

    Reply
  57. This is a very good tip particularly to those fresh to the blogosphere. Simple but very precise information… Thank you for sharing this one. A must read post!

    Reply
  58. An impressive share! I have just forwarded this onto a colleague who was conducting a little research on this. And he in fact bought me breakfast due to the fact that I discovered it for him… lol. So let me reword this…. Thanks for the meal!! But yeah, thanks for spending the time to discuss this matter here on your site.

    Reply
  59. In newer computer systems such capabilities are virtually always applied in software program relatively than the CPU’s instruction set, but BCD numeric knowledge are nonetheless extraordinarily common in business and financial functions.

    Reply
  60. Can I simply just say what a relief to uncover someone that genuinely knows what they’re discussing over the internet. You certainly realize how to bring a problem to light and make it important. More and more people must check this out and understand this side of the story. I was surprised you aren’t more popular given that you certainly possess the gift.

    Reply
  61. I blog quite often and I truly thank you for your information. This article has truly peaked my interest. I am going to book mark your site and keep checking for new information about once a week. I opted in for your RSS feed too.

    Reply
  62. The strains disproportionately affected Milwaukee’s giant Hispanic and African-American inhabitants; the latter had already been disproportionately affected by the coronavirus pandemic, forming nearly half of Wisconsin’s documented instances and over half its deaths on the time the vote was carried out.

    Reply
  63. Donkey Kong Country didn’t have a lot scrapped content material; Gunn said he only regretted that Donkey Kong walks across dotted strains as a substitute of paths on the world map, which could not be applied attributable to time constraints.

    Reply
  64. This is by no means used to demarcate any forms of racial hierarchy between the groups, however quite as a method to speak and snicker collectively about traits of those groups.The large inflow of colored folks into Dutch society was unprecedented.

    Reply
  65. The excellent degree of thermal insulation retains the heat out, coupled with effective strategies resembling “passive night time cooling” guarantee consolation in the summer season months.

    Reply
  66. One respondent, Melvin Tjoe-Nij, himself a successful social business entrepreneur, acknowledged that despite the power of Surinamese and their communities to integrate into and reach Dutch society, they are unable to beat primary perceptions of them based on their pores and skin colour.

    Reply
  67. After I initially left a comment I seem to have clicked on the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and from now on whenever a comment is added I recieve four emails with the exact same comment. Is there a means you can remove me from that service? Thank you.

    Reply
  68. Can I simply just say what a comfort to discover someone that truly understands what they are talking about online. You actually know how to bring an issue to light and make it important. A lot more people should read this and understand this side of your story. I was surprised you’re not more popular given that you surely possess the gift.

    Reply
  69. Some trace the origins of anarchism to the historical Chinese philosopher Lao-tzu, the founding father of Taoism, who taught that individuals should dwell in steadiness with nature so as to achieve happiness, or to the Indian holy men who gave up their property so they may devote themselves to spiritual enlightenment.

    Reply
  70. The rationale is simply not apparent to me, and exactly as you say, Stephen, that someone like Karl Lehmann the Bishop of Mainz and the President of the German Bishops’ Convention, who certainly wouldn’t have gained high points for himself in Rome last year when he steered that the Pope ought to resign (he then went on after all to deny that he had said that).

    Reply
  71. Oh my goodness! Amazing article dude! Thanks, However I am having problems with your RSS. I don’t know why I am unable to subscribe to it. Is there anybody else getting identical RSS problems? Anyone who knows the solution will you kindly respond? Thanks!!

    Reply
  72. Hey there! I simply would like to offer you a big thumbs up for the great info you have got here on this post. I will be returning to your blog for more soon.

    Reply
  73. I would like to thank you for the efforts you have put in writing this site. I am hoping to view the same high-grade blog posts from you in the future as well. In truth, your creative writing abilities has encouraged me to get my very own blog now 😉

    Reply
  74. I really love your site.. Great colors & theme. Did you develop this site yourself? Please reply back as I’m planning to create my own personal website and would like to learn where you got this from or just what the theme is called. Cheers.

    Reply
  75. The very next time I read a blog, I hope that it won’t fail me just as much as this one. After all, Yes, it was my choice to read, nonetheless I truly thought you would have something helpful to say. All I hear is a bunch of complaining about something that you could fix if you were not too busy looking for attention.

    Reply
  76. Bill Wittliff’s copies of three hardcover books: the 1964 first edition of Andy Adams: His Life and Writings by Wilson M. Hudson, published by Southern Methodist University Press (Dallas, Texas), with mud jacket; the 1970 first version of Cowpokes, Nesters & So Forth by Decide Orland L. Sims, published by The Encino Press: Austin (Texas), with dust jacket; the 1967 first version of Cow Camps & Cattle Heards, by John A. Lomax, with illustrations by Bill Wittliff, published by The Encino Press: 1902 Arthur Lane (Austin, Texas), with mud jacket, signed by the author, copy 41 of 750 specially designed copies.

    Reply
  77. Because the narrative progresses, we witness a heated confrontation during which Hyeong-seok’s roommate will get concerned in a misunderstanding over cash he accepted from Hyeong-seok’s mother.

    Reply
  78. She leaves after giving him a stern lecture about messing together with her personal life and guilt about how she treated Ming Tian’s Father and is reunited with Tian who reignites their relationship.

    Reply
  79. In February 1945, with the assistance of the US XXI Corps, the primary Army collapsed the Colmar Pocket and cleared the west financial institution of the Rhine River of Germans in the world south of Strasbourg.

    Reply
  80. Hello there, I think your web site could be having internet browser compatibility problems. When I take a look at your site in Safari, it looks fine however when opening in I.E., it has some overlapping issues. I merely wanted to provide you with a quick heads up! Besides that, excellent site!

    Reply
  81. I’m amazed, I have to admit. Rarely do I encounter a blog that’s both educative and amusing, and without a doubt, you have hit the nail on the head. The problem is something not enough men and women are speaking intelligently about. I am very happy that I came across this in my search for something relating to this.

    Reply
  82. Oh my goodness! Incredible article dude! Thanks, However I am going through issues with your RSS. I don’t know the reason why I can’t join it. Is there anyone else getting identical RSS issues? Anyone that knows the answer can you kindly respond? Thanks.

    Reply
  83. After contemplating the considerations on possible blockage to the sea view and the need to supply more open space for public enjoyment raised from Central & Western District Council (C&W DC) and Harbourfront Enhancement Committee (HEC), the constructing size and peak of the pump house have been lowered and re-oriented.

    Reply
  84. May I just say what a relief to uncover somebody who truly understands what they’re talking about on the net. You actually know how to bring a problem to light and make it important. A lot more people must look at this and understand this side of the story. I was surprised that you’re not more popular since you certainly possess the gift.

    Reply
  85. I absolutely love your site.. Excellent colors & theme. Did you make this web site yourself? Please reply back as I’m wanting to create my very own blog and would love to know where you got this from or just what the theme is named. Cheers!

    Reply
  86. I blog quite often and I genuinely appreciate your information. Your article has really peaked my interest. I am going to book mark your site and keep checking for new details about once per week. I opted in for your RSS feed as well.

    Reply
  87. The factor that makes these “special effects” of Clayton and Bell the extra exceptional is that they have been achieved with little useful resource to painted glass and flashed glass and without the multi-coloured Favrile glass utilized by Louis Consolation Tiffany studios and the Aesthetic designers of the United States.

    Reply
  88. Hello there! This post could not be written much better! Going through this article reminds me of my previous roommate! He constantly kept talking about this. I am going to send this article to him. Pretty sure he’s going to have a good read. Thank you for sharing!

    Reply
  89. But when you’ve got wandered up and down the soap aisle just lately, you probably know that trying to pick out the fitting type of soap from among the vast choice of merchandise might be as difficult as getting an excellent lather with none water.

    Reply
  90. In accordance with legend, annually, one man was chosen to be “sacred king.” This man would enjoy a kinglike existence for one yr, at the tip of which he was sacrificed — to ensure that the neighborhood to obtain a bountiful harvest.

    Reply
  91. Simultaneously, a second pressure, under Main Common Goislard de Monsabert and consisting of one infantry division and comparable supporting forces, would advance in a more northwesterly course, encircling the naval port from the north and west and probing towards Marseille.

    Reply
  92. Can I just say what a relief to uncover somebody that actually knows what they’re talking about on the web. You actually understand how to bring an issue to light and make it important. More people ought to look at this and understand this side of the story. I was surprised that you’re not more popular since you surely possess the gift.

    Reply
  93. I’m very happy to find this page. I want to to thank you for ones time for this fantastic read!! I definitely savored every bit of it and i also have you book marked to see new information in your blog.

    Reply
  94. After looking over a few of the blog articles on your blog, I seriously like your way of blogging. I book-marked it to my bookmark website list and will be checking back soon. Please check out my web site as well and tell me how you feel.

    Reply
  95. Good post. I learn something totally new and challenging on sites I stumbleupon on a daily basis. It will always be helpful to read through articles from other writers and practice something from other websites.

    Reply
  96. Greetings! Very useful advice within this article! It is the little changes that make the largest changes. Many thanks for sharing!

    Reply

Leave a Comment